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Contributors

Paul BREY, PhD, is a Medical Entomologist and has worked at the Institut Pasteur for 36 years, specializing in insect immunity and host-parasite interactions. Brey was also involved in the Anopheles gambiae genome project. Since 2008, Paul Brey has been Director General and Head of the Medical Entomology Lab of the Institut Pasteur of Laos in Vientiane.

Audrey DUBOT PERES is a virologist at IRD working on the emergence of viral diseases, UMR190, at the Faculty of Medicine in Marseille. Since 2008, she has been supervising the virology team at LOMWRU (Laos - Oxford - Mahosot - Wellcome Research unit), within the Microbiology Laboratory of Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos. Her main activities consist of training for technical and research staff, supporting medical diagnosis, and conducting research projects on central nervous system infections, dengue fever, enterovirus disease, and respiratory infections.

Guillaume DUTEURTRE is a researcher working for CIRAD (France). He holds a Master's degree and a PhD in agro-economics, and is currently posted in the SELMET Joint Research Unit in Montpellier (France). For about 20 years, he has been in charge of conducting research projects on animal products marketing and livestock development policies in various African and Asian countries. From 2009 to 2015, he was posted in Vietnam, were he coordinated research projects in partnership with other research institutions and development partners.

Louis GABAUDE, Professor Emeritus at the Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient, studied the history of Buddhist ideas in Thailand and now lives in Chiang Mai. His articles can be found. A recent interview is available.

Pascale HANCART PET1TET, MSC PhD, is an anthropologist and research scientist at IRD (International Research Unit UMI 233, INSERM U 1175 : Local Cultures and Global Health Team, University of Montpellier I). She is the IRD representative in Laos, and has been assigned at the IRD office in Laos since 2013. She conducts research that documents the intersections of human reproduction politics, policies, and history ; global flows of medical technologies ; and social forms and outcomes of inequalities (India, Cambodia, Laos). More recently she has conducted a new multidisciplinary research program on migration paths in Laos.

Damien HAUSWIRTH is a tropical agronomist. He holds a PhD in ecosystems and agronomy at the University of Montpellier (France). As a member of the "Climate Resilience and Ecological Intensification of Agroecosystems in the Sahel" initiative, he is currently based at AGRHYMET regional center (Niamey, Niger). He has worked on sustainability of agricultural systems in French Guyana and Chad and later in Northern Vietnam. His research has included the design and assessment of conservation agriculture cropping systems in the mountainous regions of Northern Vietnam for five years.

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Damien JOURDAIN has a degree in Agricultural Science and a PhD in Agricultural, Agro-Food, and Rural Development Economics at the University of Montpellier (France). He is currently a researcher in Natural and Agricultural Resources Economics (UMR Water Management, Utilities, and Actors, CIRAD) and is seconded to the University of Pretoria (Govlnn/CEEPA). His research themes focus on economic and institutional instruments leading to more sustainable agriculture. He has worked in collaboration with research and teaching institutions in Thailand, Mexico, Vietnam, and South Africa.

Gonzague JOURDAIN, MD, PhD, is a medical epidemiologist trained in France and the director of the PHPT Clinical Research Unit in Thailand, currently focusing on HBV- and HIV-related public health issues.

Cheeraya KANABKAEW was a research nurse at the IRD174/PHPT unit in Chiang Mai, Thailand. She holds a Master's degree in Community Medicine from Chiang Mai University. She was the coordinator of the TEEWA study (Teens Living with Antiretrovirals) on adolescents born with HIV in Thailand.

Woottichai KHAMDUANG, PhD, is a virologist, lecturer at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University (CMU), Thailand who earned his PhD degree at University of Tours and CMU. His research investigates HBV prevention and transmission.

Nicolas LAINE holds a PhD in Ethnology from University of Paris West (2014). He is affiliated with the Laboratoire d'anthropologie sociale (Paris). Specializing in human-animal relations, his research is at the crossroads of the anthropology of nature and conservation. He has published several articles on the human/elephant interspecies community in South and Southeast Asia, and has co-edited the collective volume Nature, Environment and Society (2012). Nicolas Laine is currently pursuing his research interest on the issues of health and environment, and the relationship between biodiversity and cultural diversity.

Claire LAJAUNIE is a legal researcher who investigates the relationships between biodiversity and health through the study of Global Environmental Law, multi-level governance, and related ethical issues. She is currently involved in research projects in this area, focusing on Southeast Asia (PI of the ANR project, Future Health SEA (2017-2021) with Serge Morand, CNRS).

Vatthanaphone LATTHAPHASAVANG, MD, is a physician at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane. She was trained in Medicine and Infectious Disease in Vientiane and Paris, and in Public Health in Brussels. She is currently a PhD candidate at University of Lyon 1, France.

Sophie LE COEUR is a medical doctor and epidemiologist. She is a Senior Researcher at the Institut national d'etudes demographiques (INED) in France and a Visiting Scientist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health in the United States. Her research investigated the epidemiology of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. She is currently the principal investigator of a study in Thailand on the situation of adolescents born with HIV and their outcomes as they enter into adulthood (funded by Sidaction, France).

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Eva LELIEVRE, PhD is a senior researcher at the Institut national d'etudes demographiques (INED) in France, where she has coordinated the activities of the Working Group on Life Event History Approach (GRAB) since its creation. Her field of expertise covers the dynamics of individual trajectories, intergenerational relationships, and family networks, with a special interest in the interactions that play out in the course of individuals' lives between family, work, residential mobility, and health.

Tereza MACIEL LYRA, MD, PhD in Public Health, is a researcher at the Aggeu Magalhaes Institute (IAM), (Fiocruz Pernambuco), Brazil and a professor at the University of Pernambuco. As a member of the CCDE, she coordinated the symposium "Health, Ethics and Sustainable Development : Challenges for a World in Crisis," co-organized with the CCDE in Recife, Brazil, in May 2013. She is the local coordinator of research on the socioeconomic impacts of the Zika epidemic on the lives of women (general coordination of the London School).

Khamphan MAHAVONGSAVAN graduated in accounting and French from the National University of Laos and the University of Paris Sorbonne. In 2000 he founded the Elephant Lodge in Hongsa, the first institution dedicated to elephant tourism in the district. In 2008, he became director and site manager at Pakbeng Lodge, and then at the Elephant Conservation Center (Nam Tien, Xagnabouli, Laos). Since 2015, he has been a research-assistant to Nicolas Laine during his ethnographic missions on local knowledge related to the domestication of elephants.

Oumarou MALAM ISSA is a university Professor of Geosciences and has been an IRD representative in Niger since 1 January 2013. On 1 June 2017, he joined IRD as a senior soil scientist and member of UMR 242 iEES Paris on ecology and environmental sciences. He is a member of the CCDE of IRD. His main research topic is related to soil surface structure evolution and its origin. He has experience in biological soil crusts and their impacts on water/wind erosion and infiltration.

Mayfong MAYXAY, M.D., PhD, is an Associate Professor in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, the Vice-Dean for Research, and the President of the Research Promotion and Management Committee at the University of Health Sciences (UHS), Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos. He is the founder of the first Lao ethics committee for health research in the former Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Laos (currently UHS).

Evelyne MICOLLIER, PhD, social anthropologist at IRD since 2004, ran a research programme in Beijing and South-China (IRD-Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences partnership/Tsinghua University, 2005-2011) conducting medical research in Chinese medicine ; research ethics ; global health ; issues related to gender and sexuality, governance in the context of HIV risk, and the surge of basic research and R&D in China. Stationed in Vientiane (2013-2017), she is developing projects in Lao PDR and Southeast Asia, and in the Chinese cultural sphere outside China.

Anne Marie MOULIN is the Director Emeritus of Research at CNRS (SPHERE Unit Paris 7) and has been the Chair of the Advisory Committee on Deontology and Ethics for the IRD since 2013. A former student at the École normale supérieure with a [176] degree in philosophy, a physician specialized in tropical diseases, and a former hospital practitioner, Dr. Moulin's professional life has been divided between medicine, philosophy, and the social sciences. She has conducted numerous missions in Africa and in the Arab and Muslim world. From 1999 to 2002 she was the head of the IRD Department of Health and Social Sciences. She has published several works and many articles on the historical, epistemological, and ethical issues involved in international medicine and public health.

Didier ORANGE has a degree in Hydrogeology and a PhD in Geochemistry from the University of Strasbourg. He is a researcher in ecohydrology from IRD. He is currently posted in Montpellier in a research unit investigating the functional ecology of agrosystems (Eco&Sols UMR IRD 210) and an associate researcher of the USTH (Water Environment Oceanography Department) in charge of two teaching units (Advanced Hydrology and Ecological Engineering). He previously worked in Senegal, Guinea, Central Africa, Mali, and then 15 years in Vietnam in the Red River Basin. All of his research activities focus on the processes and management of water fluxes and matter fluxes from the watershed to the agro-ecosystem. In particular, he has worked on implementing the concept of Payments for Environmental Services.

Bansa OUPATHANA is Deputy Director in charge of Administration and International Cooperation in the Rector's Office of the University of Health Sciences in Vientiane, Lao PDR. He is also Vice Chairman of the Research Ethics Board of the University of Health Sciences and Coordinating Committee with the Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) in Vientiane. He is a member of the CCDE (2013-2018).

Phimpha PABORIBOUNE is the Scientific Director of the Rodolphe Merieux Laboratory of Laos. She is a graduate of the University of Health Sciences of Laos and was awarded a Master's degree in Tropical Medicine and Epidemiology from the Institut de la Francophonie pour la medecine tropicale (IFMT) in 2005. She has participated in several training programs in laboratory techniques at the Laboratoire des pathogenes emergents in Lyon and at the Christophe Merieux Center of Molecular Biology and Microsystems in Grenoble. She further studied laboratory techniques in French hospitals specifically for TB (Hopital Lyon-Sud, Lyon), HIV (Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris), and parasitology (Hopital Croix-Rousse, Lyon). She is currently completing her PhD.

Marie-Genevieve PINSART is professor of philosophy and ethics at the Free University of Brussels (ULB), Belgium. Since 2005, she has been a member of the Belgian Bioethics Advisory Committee (its chairwoman twice and its vice-chairwomen for six years). In Brussels, she is also Chairwoman of the St-Jean Hospital Committee ; member of the Iris Sud Hospital Ethical Committee and of the Federal Commission on medical and scientific research on in vitro embryo. She is an invited expert of the European Commission and of UNESCO. She is a member of the International Bioethics Committee (2016-2019). Marie-Genevieve Pinsart has been a member of the CCDE since October 2016.

Jean-Daniel RAINHORN is Professor Emeritus of International Health at the Institut de Hautes Etudes Internationales et du Developpement (IHEID) in Geneva (Switzerland). He served as Director of the Centre de recherche et d'etude pour le developpement de la Sante (CREDES) in Paris from 1984 to 1999, and was the head [177] of a program in international health at Paris XI. Dr. Rainhorn was appointed as a professor with several institutions : CERDI (Clermont I) ; Hanoi University of Public Health (Vietnam) ; Senghor University of Alexandria, Egypt ; and finally Professor of International Health and Humanitarian Action at IHEID, University of Geneva. Dr. Rainhorn was also a Takemi fellow at Harvard University (US) and held the chair of Social Inequalities, Health, and Humanitarian Action at the College d'etudes mondiales de la Maison des sciences de I'Homme in Paris. He is the author of a number of works, articles, and reports about issues of poverty and precarity, social health inequalities, and humanitarian action. He is a member of the CCDE (2013-2018).

Florence RODHAIN is a Professor at the University of Montpellier in France and head of MRM-SI. She has published over 180 papers in scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. She has researched and taught for five years in several countries, including the United States, New Zealand, India, and China. Her main research focus areas are : Sustainable Development, Gender issues, the links between Ecology and Information Technologies, the ethical problems related to Information Systems, etc. Eight of her doctoral students have defended their dissertations (six received a national prize for the high quality of their exemplary dissertations).

Didier SICARD is a Professor of Medicine. After receiving his degree in 1973, Dr. Sicard was affiliated with the School of Medicine in Vientiane (Laos) from 1974 to 1978. Upon returning to France in 1978, he was named Associate Professor at the University of Paris Descartes. He served as the Chairman of the Commission consultative nationale de transfusion sanguine from 1989 to 1991, and as Chairman of the Comite Sida Paris Centre from 1990 to 1994. In 1995 he created the ethics section in the Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris. Dr. Sicard was the Chief of Internal Medicine at the Hopital Cochin in Paris in 1993, Chair of the French National Consultative Ethics Committee (CCNE) from 1999 to 2008, and Chairman of the Comite d'experts de llnstitut des donnees de sante from 2008 to 2016.

Manivanh SOUPHANTHONG, Dean of Faculty of Basic Sciences, Associate Professor and President of the Research Ethics Committee at the University of Health Sciences of Laos. After completing her Doctorate Degree with Distinction in 1991 from Berlin (Germany), and specialist training in anatomy in 1993 in Berlin, Dr. Souphanthong was appointed as Head of the Department of Medicine at the university in Vientiane, Laos from 1996 to 2009. She was also a member of the University Academic Board in Laos from 1998 to 2009 and an Adjunct Assistant Professor of the University of Cleveland in Ohio for three years. Since 2009 she has been Dean of Basic Sciences in Laos. Dr. Souphanthong teaches anatomy-histology, medical terminology, and scientific research. She is author and co-author of 30 articles for publications and communications. She has written four manuals and has collaborated on seven others.

Vanphanom SYCHAREUN, Pediatrician, MPH, PhD, Dean of the Faculty Post-Graduate Studies at the University of Health Sciences in Laos. She obtained her PhD in Public Health from Chulalongkorn University, Thailand in 2005. She has extensive experience teaching research methodology, qualitative research methods, health behavior, and sexual reproductive health at UHS. In 2008 she was the Leadership Course Director for the consortium, which included participants from Cambodia, [178] China, Lao PDR, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam and advocates in the field of gender, sexuality, and health. She has published more than 40 scientific papers that document both the applied and theoretical dimensions of her research.

Bernard TAVERNE is an anthropologist and physician, and a research fellow in the International Joint Unit "Recherches translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses" - TransVIHMI (UMI 233 IRD, U 1175 Inserm, University of Montpellier). His work in medical anthropology investigates social responses to HIV and treatment programs for people living with HIV in Burkina Faso (1993 to 1999) and in Senegal (2000 to 2018). Since 2004, his research has also focused on the anthropology of medical research and, since 2014, the Ebola virus epidemic in Conakry, Guinea. He was a member of the National Ethics Committee for Research in Health in Senegal from 2003 to 2006 and a member of the IRD CCDE (2009-2013, 2013-2018).

Frederic THOMAS (IRD, Paloc) is an historian of science and technology, specializing in the history of environment and of the intellectual property rights regarding living forms. Based on the theory of the commons, he studies the various forms of ownership (private, public, and collective) of genetic resources and agrobiodiversity in developing countries. He is currently on assignment in Vietnam at an international laboratory studying the functional genomics approach in rice in Hanoi (IJL Rice, IRD-AGI-Usth).

Christian VALENTIN, agronomist by training, PhD in soil science, gained over 40 years' experience in conducting and coordinating interdisciplinary research at ORSTOM and IRD, in soil erosion, agronomy, hydrology, and ecology, mainly in West Africa and Southeast Asia. His publishing credits include more than 100 articles in refereed journals. He is currently Deputy Director of the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris, and coordinates working groups on soils for the French Alliance for Environment and for the French Academy of Agriculture.

Manivanh VONGSOUVATH is a medical doctor, head of the Laboratory of Microbiology at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos. She participated in implementing laboratory techniques and staff training to support the diagnostics department at Mahosot Hospital. She graduated with an MSc in Tropical Medicine from Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Her research topics are infections of the central nervous system, specifically Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and enteroviruses ; arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika surveillance ; and acute respiratory infections.

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