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Collection « Les sciences sociales contemporaines »

Marcel J. Mélançon, Albert Camus. An Analysis of His Thought. (1983)
Table of Contents


Une édition électronique réalisée à partir du livre de Marcel J. Mélançon, Albert Camus. An Analysis of His Thought. Translated by Robert Dole. Ottawa, Canada: Tecumseh Press, 1983, 202 pp. Une édition numérique réalisée par Marcelle Bergeron, bénévole, professeure retraitée de l'École polyvalente Dominique-Racine, Chicoutimi, Québec. [Autorisation accordée par l'auteur, Marcel Mélançon, et le traducteur, Robert Dole, le 20 avril 2010 de diffuser ce livre dans Les Classiques des sciences sociales.]

Table of Contents


Index of abbreviations

Introduction

Chapter I

The Absurd: the State of the World without God

Introduction

I. The Feeling of the Absurd

1. The Arousal of Absurdity
2. Description of the Feeling of Absurdity
3. The Nature of this Feeling
4. The Discoveries of the Absurd
a) The Way of Sensitivity
b) The Way of Intelligence

II. The Notion of the Absurd

1. The Three Terms for the Absurd
2. The Confrontation of the Absurd
3. Examples of the Absurd
4. The Definition of the Absurd
5. The Properties of the Absurd

III. The Solutions to the Absurd

1. Physical Suicide
a) The Relationship of Suicide to the Absurd
b) The Causes of Suicide
c) The Complex Alternatives
d) The Refusal to Commit Suicide
2. Philosophical Suicide
a) The Leap to God
b) The Leap into Abstraction
3. Maintaining the Absurd
a) Revolt
b) Liberty
c) Passion

IV. Absurd Men

1. Without God
2. In Time and the Ephemeral
3. In Quantity and Innocence
4. In Lucidity

V. Absurd Creation

1. Its Commandments
2. An Absurd Creator : Dostoevsky

Conclusion

1. The Absurd : a Point of Departure
2. The Absurd and God
a) Explicit Affirmations
b) Implicit Nostalgia for God ?
c) Camusian Arguments
3. The Sense of the World and of Existence
a) The Sense of the World
b) The Sense of Existence

Chapter II

The Human Condition : the Situation of Man without God

Introduction

A. The Metaphysical Condition

I. General Characteristics
1. The Duality of the Human Condition
2. The Absurdity of the Human Condition
3. Pessimism towards the Human Condition
4. The Injustice of the Human Condition
II. The Condition of Being Exiled
1. Metaphysical Exile
2. Psychological Exile
3. Social Exile
4. The Consequences of Exile
5. Exile and God
III. The Condition of the Man Condemned to Death
1. The Order of the World : Death
2. The Anguish of Death
3. The Absurdity of Death
4. Death and God
IV. The Condition of Man Delivered to Evil
1. Metaphysical Evil
a) The Absence of Unity
b) The Absence of Explanation
2. Moral Evil
3. Evil and God
a) Metaphysical Evil
b) Moral Evil

B. The Historical Condition

I. "History"
II. Ideologies
1. False Reason
2. Historical Logic
3. Legitimizing Intelligence
4. A Typical Ideology
III. The Contents of History
1. Murder
2. The Death Penalty
3. Lying
4. Violence
a) Legitimized Violence
b) Dictatorship
c) War

Chapter III

Revolt against the Metaphysical and Historical Condition

Introduction

I. Revolt

1. Definition
2. Contents
a) Negatively : the NO
b) Positively : the YES
c) The Equilibrium between the YES and the NO
3. The Essential Dimension
4. Revolution
a) Nature
b) Types

II. Revolt against the Metaphysical Condition

1. Definition
2. Demands
3. Its Objects : God
a) The Existence of God
b) The Injustice of God
c) The Nature of God
d) Christ
e) Christianity and Christians
4. The Conduct of Revolt in the Face of Evil
a) Facing Metaphysical Evil
b) Facing Moral Evil

III. Revolt against the Historical Condition

1. Revolt against History
a) History and Values
b) Revolution and Values
2. Rejection of the Contents of History
a) Rejection of Legitimized Murder
b) Rejection of the Death Penalty
c) Rejection of Lying
d) Rejection of Legitimized Violence
e) Rejection of Terror and War
3. Action within History

Conclusion

Chapter IV

The Ethics of Revolt, Conduct without God

Introduction

I. The Nature of Camusian Ethics

1. Opportunity : Revolt
a) The Absurd and the Ethics of Quantity
b) Revolt and the Ethics of Value
2. The Nature of Morality
a) Morality without Transcendence
b) Informal Morality
c) Real Morality : Man
d) The Morality of Limits
aa) The Nature of Limit
bb) Limit and Revolt
cc) The Universality of the Limit
dd) Morality and Limit

II. The Foundation of Ethics : Human Nature

1. "Human Nature"
2. Man as a Person
3. Man as Body
4. Transcendence of Human Nature

III. Man's Rights

1. The Right to Live
2. The Right to Liberty
a) The Nature of Liberty
aa) Political Freedom
bb) The Freedom of Expression
b) The Asceticism of Freedom
c) Limits to Freedom
aa) The Rights of Others
bb) The Law
3. The Rights to justice
a) Social justice
b) Relative justice
c) Justice and Freedom
d) The Asceticism of justice
e) The justice of Means

IV. Camusian "Passions"

1. Nature
2. Species
3. The Limits to Passions

V. Camusian "Virtues"

1. "Virtue" and Virtue
2. Justice
3. Lucidity
a) Its Nature
b) Its Importance
c) Its Asceticism
4. Courage
a) Its Nature
b) Its Object
aa) The Human Condition
bb) Death
cc) Suffering and Illness
dd) Poverty
ee) Judgment
Nature
Conduct
c) The Resignation of Courage : Suicide
aa) Camus and Suicide
bb) Superior Suicide
d) The Acme of Courage : Heroism
aa) The Nature of Heroism
bb) The Heroic Life : Ordinary Man
cc) The Heroic Task : the Job Well Done
5. Hope
a) False Hopes
aa) God
bb) The Future Life
b) True Hopes
aa) The Present Life
bb) Life as Such
cc) Man dd) Nature
ee) The Collective Future
c) Despair
aa) Motives
bb) Refusal
cc) Struggle

VI. The Moral Ideal : Godless Saintliness

1. Concern with Saintliness
2. The Need for Salvation
a) Salvation
b) Divine Salvation : Unjust Grace
c) Human Salvation
3. The Godless Saint's Task
a) Subjectively
b) Objectively

VII. Godless Happiness

1. Happiness, the Universal Objective
2. Possibility of Happiness
a) A Demand of Human Nature
b) In an Absurd World and Absurd History
3. Happiness, a Human Work
4. The Nature of Happiness : Agreement
a) Agreement with the World
b) Agreement with Others
c) Agreement with Oneself
5. Asceticism for Happiness

General Conclusion

1. A Godless Wisdom

2. The Greek and Christian Influences

a) Greek Philosophy
b) Christian Thought

3. Camus and God

a) Evolution
b) Objections
c) Between YES and NO

Bibliography


Retour au texte de l'auteur: Jean-Marc Fontan, sociologue, UQAM Dernière mise à jour de cette page le mardi 4 janvier 2011 15:29
Par Jean-Marie Tremblay, sociologue
professeur de sociologie au Cegep de Chicoutimi.
 



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